Characterization of particulate depositions collected from archeological monuments in Greece and Cyprus using...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Geochemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Urban monuments face degradation from atmospheric particulate matter (PM).
• Mediterranean cities like Thessaloniki and Nicosia experience high PM levels.
• Understanding deposition composition is crucial for heritage conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize particulate depositions on urban monuments in Thessaloniki and Nicosia.
• To identify the sources and composition of these depositions.
• To inform conservation strategies for architectural heritage.

Main Methods:

• Morphological and geochemical analysis of particulate samples.
• Utilized multiple analytical techniques for comprehensive characterization.
• Investigated elemental and organic compound composition.

Main Results:

• Depositions were dominated by CaO and SiO2, indicating dust influence (road, Saharan).
• Traffic-related elements (Zn, Ba, Cu, V, Ni) were higher on sides facing busy roads.
• Diverse organic compounds suggest multiple natural and anthropogenic sources.

Conclusions:

• Particulate matter on monuments originates from both natural dust and anthropogenic activities.
• Traffic emissions significantly impact monument surfaces.
• Findings provide a basis for developing targeted conservation strategies for urban heritage.