Directed swimming of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii near complex microstructures

The locomotion of microorganisms near solid-liquid interfaces is of significant scientific interest due to its relevance in various natural and industrial contexts, including biofilm formation and marine biofouling. In this study, we investigate the swimming behavior of C.reinhardtii near a sinusoidal wave-like microstructure. Using fluorescence microscopy and a three-dimensional tracking technique, we observe that the swimming direction of C.reinhardtii is strongly influenced by the geometric constraints imposed by the microstructure. Our results reveal that cells preferentially accumulate at the valley of the microstructure rather than the peak and exhibit a directional swimming tendency in the vicinity of the microstructure. We attribute this behavior to a combination of the "memory effect" and hydrodynamic attraction. By modifying the geometry of the microstructure, we successfully achieve directed guidance of cell swimming, which demonstrates potential applications in micro and nanorobotics and antifouling technologies. This work provides alternative insights into the locomotion mechanisms of microorganisms near solid-liquid interfaces and underscores the potential for manipulating their behavior through microstructure design.