Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion. The...

Heat Engines

Heat Engines

A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Gate-tunable giant negative magnetoresistance in tellurene driven by quantum geometry.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Finite-Size Thermodynamics of the Two-Dimensional Dipolar <i>Q</i>-Clock Model.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Ratio between Seebeck coefficient and entropy per particle as a tool for elementary charge determination.

Physical review. E·2026

Same author

Quantum Geometry and the Electric Magnetochiral Anisotropy in Noncentrosymmetric Polar Media.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Entropy Alternatives for Equilibrium and Out-of-Equilibrium Systems.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

A novel fully biobased material composite for cosmetic packaging applications.

Scientific reports·2025

Same journal

Erratum: Low-dimensional model for adaptive networks of spiking neurons [Phys. Rev. E 111, 014422 (2025)].

Physical review. E·2026

Same journal

Disentangling the effects of many-body forces on depletion interactions.

Physical review. E·2026

Same journal

Charge transport and mode transition in dual-energy electron beam diodes.

Physical review. E·2026

Same journal

Optimization of multisite reactions in complex compartmentalized media.

Physical review. E·2026

Same journal

Origin of geometric cohesion in nonconvex granular materials: Interplay between interdigitation and rotational constraints enhancing frictional stability.

Physical review. E·2026

Same journal

Interaction of walkers with a standing Faraday wave.

Physical review. E·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Reaching maximum efficiency in quantum Stirling engines using multilayer graphene.

Bastian Castorene^1,2, Francisco J Peña², Eric Suárez Morell²

¹Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Instituto de Física, Casilla 4950, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile.

Physical Review. E

|May 16, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum Stirling engines using graphene show optimal performance at low magnetic fields and temperatures. The AB bilayer graphene is a promising material for efficient Stirling engines, offering broad operational parameters.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Published on: February 2, 2012

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Published on: February 2, 2012

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Area of Science:

Quantum thermodynamics
Condensed matter physics
Materials science

Background:

Stirling engines are heat engines operating on a thermodynamic cycle.
Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, exhibits unique electronic properties.
Quantum effects can influence thermodynamic cycles in nanoscale systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze quantum Stirling engines based on different graphene stackings (monolayer, AB bilayer, ABC trilayer).
To investigate the performance of these engines under perpendicular magnetic fields.
To identify optimal configurations for efficient work output and Carnot efficiency.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of quantum Stirling engines.
Modeling of graphene structures (monolayer, AB bilayer, ABC trilayer).
Simulation of engine performance under varying magnetic fields and temperatures.

Main Results:

Optimal performance for quantum Stirling engines was found at low magnetic fields and moderate temperatures.
All graphene stackings can achieve Carnot efficiency, with the AB bilayer showing the broadest parameter window.
The monolayer graphene exhibited constrained operational regimes, while the trilayer showed smoother trends.

Conclusions:

Multilayer graphene, especially the AB bilayer, is a promising platform for efficient quantum Stirling engines.
Graphene's versatility allows for the realization of all four operational regimes of the Stirling cycle.
Magnetic fields significantly influence the performance and operational regimes of quantum Stirling engines in graphene.