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Rabies in a dog commercially imported into Germany from Russia, 2026.

Conrad M Freuling¹, Lisa Rogoll², Sten Calvelage³

¹Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin

|May 16, 2026

Summary

Rabies risk remains in Europe due to animal imports. A dog imported from Russia to Germany tested positive for rabies, showing falsified vaccination records and emphasizing stricter import controls.

Keywords:

dog import lyssavirus post exposure prophylaxis rabies

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

Rabies is largely eradicated in the EU, but reintroduction risks persist.
Animal movement, especially non-compliant imports, poses a significant threat.
Maintaining rabies-free status requires vigilant surveillance and control measures.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of rabies in a commercially imported dog.
To identify the viral lineage and potential source of infection.
To highlight deficiencies in import regulations and documentation.

Main Methods:

Case description of a dog imported from Russia to Germany.
Diagnostic confirmation of rabies infection.
Phylogenetic analysis of the rabies virus isolate.
Review of import documentation and vaccination records.

Main Results:

Rabies virus infection confirmed in a dog imported from Russia.
Phylogenetic analysis identified the virus as belonging to the Cosmopolitan lineage (cluster C1b).
Significant inconsistencies and suspected falsification of vaccination records were found.

Conclusions:

Imported animals, even from regions with rabies control, can pose a reintroduction risk.
Falsified documentation highlights critical gaps in current import controls.
Strengthened import regulations and verification processes are essential to prevent rabies re-emergence in rabies-free areas.