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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Micro-neutralization Assay
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Published on: January 26, 2019

Virus Detection and Hospitalization Rate in Infants With Bronchiolitis After Nirsevimab Introduction: A Retrospective

Domenico Paolo La Regina1, Mattia Spatuzzo1, Enea Bonci1

  • 1Department of Maternal Child and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|May 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nirsevimab significantly reduced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in infants, decreasing bronchiolitis admissions by 59%. This monoclonal antibody eased healthcare system burden during RSV epidemics.

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Published on: August 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants.
  • Nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody, was introduced in Italy in 2024 for infant protection during their first RSV season.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of nirsevimab introduction on respiratory virus circulation.
  • To assess changes in hospitalization rates for bronchiolitis among children post-nirsevimab availability.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study compared two epidemic seasons: pre-nirsevimab (2023-2024) and post-nirsevimab (2024-2025).
  • Infants under 12 months hospitalized for bronchiolitis were analyzed using multiplex PCR for viral detection.
  • Emergency department visits, pediatric ward, and PICU admissions were examined.

Main Results:

  • RSV hospitalizations decreased by 59% in the post-nirsevimab season.
  • Emergency department visits and PICU admissions for bronchiolitis saw reductions of 52% and 60%, respectively.
  • Hospitalized infants were older, with fewer admissions among those aged 3 months or younger.

Conclusions:

  • Nirsevimab is effective in reducing severe RSV-related bronchiolitis.
  • The use of nirsevimab has demonstrably lessened the strain on healthcare systems during RSV epidemics.