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Fast Visible-to-Infrared Electrochromic Devices Based on Electrochemically Fabricated Polyaniline.

Lei Wang¹, Haizheng Zhong², Yudi Cao¹

¹College of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 102206, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

|May 16, 2026

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This study presents a fast electrochromic device using [BSO3]Py·HSO4-doped polyaniline for adaptive camouflage. The novel one-step fabrication achieves ultrafast response times, improving visible-to-infrared spectral region applications.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Optics

Background:

Polyaniline electrochromic devices offer adaptive camouflage potential.
Existing devices suffer from slow response times, limiting practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a fast visible-to-infrared electrochromic device.
To address the slow response issue in polyaniline-based adaptive camouflage.

Main Methods:

Electrochemical fabrication of [BSO3]Py·HSO4-doped polyaniline.
One-step device fabrication using mixed ionic liquids ([BSO3]Py·HSO4/[BMIM]BF4) as precursor and electrolyte.
Direct electrochemical polymerization on Au-plated nylon porous electrodes.

Main Results:

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Achieved ultrafast electrical response times: 0.5 s for coloration and 0.9 s for bleaching.
Demonstrated maximum emissivity modulation of 0.35 (3-5 μm) and 0.51 (8-14 μm).
One-step fabrication enhances ion diffusion, ionic conductivity, and electrolyte wettability.

Conclusions:

The developed device offers a significant advancement in electrochromic technology for adaptive camouflage.
The one-step fabrication method provides an efficient strategy for creating high-performance visible-to-infrared electrochromic devices.
This research paves the way for next-generation adaptive camouflage systems with rapid response capabilities.