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Related Concept Videos

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the parenchyma cells of...
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...
Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Double-Staining Method to Detect Pectin in Plant-Fungus Interaction
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Published on: February 4, 2022

Size and Cross-Linking Dependent Gold Nanoparticle Interactions with Dynamic Pectin Model Plant Cell Walls.

Caroline M Anastasia1, Sanjoy Paul2,3, Hye-In Kim4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.

ACS Nano
|May 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticle size and calcium (Ca2+) cross-linking influence how nanoparticles interact with plant cell walls. Smaller nanoparticles penetrate pectin layers more effectively when cross-linked by Ca2+, impacting nano-agriculture applications.

Keywords:
XPScalciumgold nanoparticlesnanoparticle propertiespectinplant membranesquartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring

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AFM-based Mapping of the Elastic Properties of Cell Walls: at Tissue, Cellular, and Subcellular Resolutions

Published on: July 24, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials science
  • Plant biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Understanding nanomaterial-plant cell wall interactions is crucial for advancing nano-enabled agriculture.
  • Key properties determining these interactions remain poorly understood, hindering rational design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nanoparticle size and Ca2+ cross-linking in nanomaterial interactions with model plant cell walls.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms governing nanoparticle attachment and penetration.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated experimental (QCM-D, XPS) and computational simulation approaches.
  • Utilized model plant cell walls (pectin) and branched polyethylenimine-coated (bPEI) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of varying sizes (6.1, 36.1, 75.5 nm).

Main Results:

  • AuNP attachment and penetration showed dependence on size and Ca2+-induced pectin cross-linking.
  • Ca2+ cross-linking blocked larger AuNPs (75.5 nm) but enhanced uptake of smaller ones (6.1, 36.1 nm).
  • Computational simulations confirmed Ca2+ reduced pectin porosity, increasing penetration energy costs.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle size and Ca2+ cross-linking are critical determinants of interactions with plant cell walls.
  • Findings guide the design of nanomaterials for efficient agricultural delivery and environmental impact assessment.