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Manipulation and Analysis

Manipulation and Analysis

GIS manipulation and analysis functions are vital for decision-making and planning. These activities range from data retrieval tasks, such as selecting information based on specific criteria, to advanced analytical techniques that address complex spatial problems.One critical GIS analysis method is overlaying, which combines multiple data layers to examine impacts. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake boundary with road networks can identify affected infrastructure. Another common...

Thematic Layering in GIS

Thematic Layering in GIS

In the past, planning projects such as schools or public facilities required extensive manual effort to gather and compile data. Information such as property boundaries, soil characteristics, road networks, zoning regulations, and flood zones had to be sourced individually from courthouses, utility providers, and registry offices. Assembling these datasets into a coherent format often took several months, delaying project timelines.The introduction of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)...

Selected Data About Geographic Locations

Selected Data About Geographic Locations

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...

Levels of Use of a GIS

Levels of Use of a GIS

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...

Introduction to GIS

Introduction to GIS

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools for storing, analyzing, and displaying spatial data alongside related attributes. Unlike traditional information systems that address general queries, GIS incorporates spatial components, enabling users to answer "where" and "how far." For example, GIS can process housing data linked to geographic locations like zip codes, allowing insights into population density or housing distribution through thematic maps.GIS integrates technologies such as...

Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response

Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response

Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Published on: January 20, 2023

Decoding peri-urban transformation through multi-scale mapping of bidirectional urbanisation.

B Linda Theres¹, R Selvakumar², Vasu Sathyakumar³

¹Centre of Data for Public Good, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Scientific Reports

|May 16, 2026

Summary

Rapid urban growth in India is expanding beyond official limits. A new geospatial framework reveals bidirectional expansion and interconnected growth corridors, offering insights for sustainable urban planning.

Keywords:

Centroid shift Directional study Fragmentation Landscape metrics Spatial arrangement Urbanisation

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

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Published on: January 20, 2023

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

Area of Science:

Urban Geography
Geospatial Analysis
Sustainable Development

Background:

Rapid urbanization in emerging economies challenges sustainable development principles.
Urban expansion in India often exceeds administrative boundaries, particularly in non-metropolitan areas.
Conventional analyses inadequately capture the bidirectional nature of urban sprawl.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, data-driven geospatial framework for delineating dynamic urban expansion boundaries.
To quantify bidirectional urban growth patterns.
To provide actionable intelligence for sustainable urban management in transforming city-regions.

Main Methods:

A three-tiered approach combining buffer analysis, centroid shift analysis, and landscape metrics.
Buffer analysis to identify the spatial threshold of built-up expansion.
Centroid shift and landscape metrics to track directional change and fragmentation/aggregation.

Main Results:

Salem's built-up area increased by approximately 170% between 2001 and 2020.
A compact urban core with a fragmented, expanding periphery was observed.
Neighboring towns showed bidirectional expansion towards Salem, indicating interconnected regional growth corridors.

Conclusions:

The developed framework redefines urban boundaries using quantitative spatial metrics.
It enables early detection of emergent urban linkages and sprawl intensities.
Findings support sustainable and equitable urban expansion management in rapidly developing regions.