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When death pathways converge: PANoptosis in the evolution and treatment of female tumors

Lingjun Yao1, Zheyu Wen1, Junhao Wan2

  • 1School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China.

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|May 17, 2026
PubMed

Insights

PANoptosis, a new programmed cell death pathway, shows promise in treating female cancers by overcoming resistance and improving immunotherapy. Further research is needed to translate these findings into clinical strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • PANoptosis is an integrated programmed cell death pathway combining pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
  • It plays a role in inflammation and immune responses.
  • Dysregulation of cell death pathways is implicated in cancer development and treatment resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging role of PANoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of female-specific cancers.
  • To summarize mechanistic insights into PANoptosis and its regulatory components.
  • To discuss the implications of PANoptosis in female oncology and propose future clinical strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on PANoptosis.
  • Analysis of PANoptosis mechanisms, including the PANoptosome complex, ZBP1, RIPKs, caspases, and inflammasomes.
  • Discussion of therapeutic opportunities and challenges in female cancers.

Main Results:

  • PANoptosis may overcome traditional cell death resistance mechanisms in cancers.
  • It has the potential to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment.
  • PANoptosis offers opportunities for enhancing chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • PANoptosis presents a promising therapeutic target for female cancers.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges like inflammatory balance and obtain disease-specific evidence.
  • Translating PANoptosis mechanisms into clinical strategies could improve outcomes for patients with breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers.
Keywords:
ApoptosisCancer therapyFemale-specific tumorsNecroptosisPANoptosisProgrammed cell deathPyroptosis

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