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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
The ABO Blood Group01:12

The ABO Blood Group

The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
06:29

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Published on: January 29, 2014

Cold agglutinin disease.

Sigbjørn Berentsen1, Josephine M I Vos2,3

  • 1Department of Research and Innovation, Haugesund Hospital, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.

British Journal of Haematology
|May 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cold agglutinin disease is an autoimmune anemia linked to bone marrow B-cell issues. Treatments target B-cells or complement pathways, with therapy tailored to patient symptoms.

Keywords:
autoimmune haemolytic anaemiaclinical phenotypescold agglutinin diseasecomplementtherapy

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Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

  • Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is an autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
  • It is associated with a clonal B-cell disorder in the bone marrow.
  • Hemolysis in CAD is complement-dependent, and acrocyanosis is linked to monoclonal agglutinins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of cold agglutinin disease.
  • To outline current therapeutic strategies.
  • To emphasize phenotype-based treatment tailoring.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cold agglutinin disease.
  • Analysis of pathomechanisms including complement activation and B-cell clonality.
  • Categorization of treatment approaches based on targeted pathways.

Main Results:

  • Cold agglutinin disease involves complement-dependent hemolysis.
  • Monoclonal agglutinins drive acrocyanosis in CAD.
  • Established therapies target either the clonal B cells or the classical complement pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment strategies for cold agglutinin disease are available.
  • Therapies can be individualized based on specific clinical presentations.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms aids in effective patient management.