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Rice OsTUB1 interacts with OsEB1c and OsEB1a to separately modulate endosperm development and grain size.

Yushuang Fu1, Xiaoqing Hu1, Zhuangzhuang Shan1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a key gene, OsTUB1, crucial for rice endosperm development and grain size. Manipulating OsTUB1 and related proteins offers a pathway to enhance rice yield and quality.

Keywords:
OsEB1OsTUB1endosperm developmentgrain qualitymicrotubulerice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Endosperm development is critical for rice grain quality and yield.
  • Mechanisms governing early endosperm development and grain size regulation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying early rice endosperm development and grain size control.
  • To identify genes involved in these processes using a mutant screen.

Main Methods:

  • Mutant screening and characterization (b336 mutant).
  • Cytological analysis of endosperm development.
  • Molecular cloning and genetic analysis of OsTUB1.
  • Biochemical assays and protein interaction studies (OsTUB1, OsEB1a, OsEB1c).
  • Gene expression and functional analysis via overexpression and promoter variation.

Main Results:

  • The b336 mutant exhibits defects in early endosperm cellularization and proliferation, leading to elongated, floury grains.
  • A missense mutation in OsTUB1 causes dominant-negative effects, disrupting microtubule (MT) arrays and protein stability.
  • OsTUB1 interacts with OsEB1c to regulate endosperm development and with OsEB1a to control grain size.
  • OsEB1c overexpression rescues the b336 phenotype and suggests a quality control role in MT assembly.
  • Overexpression of OsTUB1 or OsEB1c enhances grain size and quality; natural OsTUB1 promoter variations correlate with grain length.

Conclusions:

  • OsTUB1, in conjunction with OsEB1c and OsEB1a, forms distinct molecular modules regulating endosperm development and grain size.
  • OsTUB1 and OsEB1 proteins are potential targets for genetic engineering to improve rice yield and quality.
  • Understanding these pathways provides insights into fundamental plant developmental processes.