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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

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Stimuli-Modulated Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Reactivity toward a Three-Component Coupling Reaction.

Mamata Naik¹, Grace C Thaggard¹, Buddhima K P Maldeni Kankanamalage¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 18, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel light-responsive catalyst using photochromic molecules integrated into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This innovative material enables precise control over copper oxidation states, enhancing catalytic activity and recyclability for efficient chemical synthesis.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Photochemistry

Background:

Stimuli-responsive heterogeneous catalysis offers in situ regulation and improved recyclability.
Controlling metal oxidation states is key to modulating catalytic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the first light-responsive heterogeneous catalyst for three-component coupling reactions.
To demonstrate photochromic-molecule-directed modulation of copper oxidation states in MOFs.
To establish correlations between photoisomerization, metal oxidation states, and catalytic reactivity.

Main Methods:

Covalent integration of a spiropyran derivative into a metal-organic framework (MOF) scaffold.
Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and theoretical modeling.
Testing catalytic performance in three-component coupling reactions under various conditions.

Main Results:

Demonstrated light-induced modulation of copper oxidation states in MOFs via spiropyran isomerization.
Established a direct link between photochromic moiety isomerization and catalytic reactivity.
Confirmed recyclability and sustained catalytic activity of the photochromic MOF catalyst over multiple cycles.
Successfully synthesized 12 diverse compounds, including pharmaceuticals, with high yields.

Conclusions:

Developed a novel photochromic MOF-based catalyst for noninvasive control of chemical reactivity.
Established a new design principle for adaptive catalytic systems.
Showcased a transformative pathway for controllable chemical synthesis via on-demand metal oxidation state modulation.