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Related Concept Videos

Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
06:09

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Published on: June 7, 2019

Zerumbone Induced ROS-Mediated Autophagic Cell Death in Human Melanoma Cells: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

Siang-Jyun Chen1, You-Cheng Hseu2,3,4,5, Yan-Ming Zhang2

  • 1Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Biofactors (Oxford, England)
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Zerumbone, a natural compound, effectively combats melanoma by inducing cell death through autophagy and apoptosis. This compound shows promise as an anticancer agent, inhibiting tumor growth in both cell cultures and animal models.

Keywords:
ROSapoptosisautophagymelanomazerumbone

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with limited treatment options.
  • Zerumbone (Zer), a sesquiterpene from Zingiber zerumbet, has shown potential anticancer properties.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Zer's action is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the anticancer efficacy of Zerumbone in human melanoma cells (A375, A2058) and in vivo xenograft models.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Zerumbone-induced cell death, focusing on autophagy and apoptosis.
  • To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Zerumbone's anticancer effects.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies using A375 and A2058 melanoma cell lines.
  • In vivo studies using athymic nude mice xenografted with melanoma cells.
  • Analysis of autophagy markers (LC3-II, p62, ATG4B, Beclin-1, AKT/mTOR, AVOs).
  • Assessment of apoptosis via caspase activity and TEM.
  • Measurement of intracellular ROS levels and intervention with antioxidants (NAC, Mito-Tempo).

Main Results:

  • Zerumbone inhibited melanoma cell growth and suppressed EGFR/BRAF expression.
  • Zerumbone induced autophagy, evidenced by increased LC3-II, AVO production, and suppressed AKT/mTOR signaling.
  • Autophagy inhibition (3-MA, CQ) blocked Zerumbone-induced cell death, while blocking apoptosis enhanced autophagy, indicating autophagy promotes apoptosis.
  • Zerumbone triggered ROS generation, and antioxidants reversed its cytotoxic effects.
  • Zerumbone significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Zerumbone is a potent antitumor agent against human melanoma.
  • Zerumbone-induced cell death is mediated by ROS-dependent autophagy, which subsequently enhances apoptosis.
  • Zerumbone exhibits significant anticancer efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo models, warranting further investigation.