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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

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Published on: February 2, 2020

Grading in Gerodontology: A Framework.

Falk Schwendicke1, Gerry McKenna2, Frauke Müller3,4

  • 1Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Gerodontology
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new framework grades oral health risks in older adults, considering oral, systemic, and social factors. This grading system aids in planning care and predicting oral health deterioration for better health outcomes.

Keywords:
case complexityfrailtygeriatric dentistryhyposalivationmultimorbiditynutritionolder adultssocio‐economic statustreatment planningxerostomia

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Dental Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Oral health deterioration in older adults is influenced by oral, systemic, and social risk factors.
  • Existing methods for assessing older adults' oral health lack comprehensive risk factor analysis.
  • A structured approach is needed to anticipate and manage oral health decline in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a grading framework for assessing oral health risk factors in older adults.
  • To systematically describe determinants influencing oral health deterioration.
  • To complement existing staging methods for a comprehensive oral health assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of oral, systemic, and social risk factors.
  • Organized an international workshop with 31 experts from 13 countries.
  • Utilized structured subgroup discussions and Delphi-style voting to achieve consensus on the framework.

Main Results:

  • The grading framework identifies risk factors at oral, systemic, and social levels.
  • Oral-level factors include caries risk, periodontitis risk, and prosthesis maintenance.
  • Systemic factors include xerostomia, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and nutrition; social factors include social status and support.

Conclusions:

  • The grading framework offers a structured, evidence-based method for assessing risk and care complexity in older adults.
  • Combined with staging, grading facilitates comprehensive case classification and tailored interventions.
  • Implementation and validation across diverse settings are crucial for future impact on care planning, research, and policy.