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Temporal Quantification of MAPK Induced Expression in Single Yeast Cells

Temporal Quantification of MAPK Induced Expression in Single Yeast Cells

Published on: October 4, 2013

Deciphering subcellular localization-dependent functions of Hog1 MAPK in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Yu-Byeong Jang¹, Yong-Sun Bahn¹

¹Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 03722.

|May 18, 2026

Summary

Hog1 protein compartmentalization in Cryptococcus neoformans dictates its function in stress adaptation, antifungal resistance, and virulence. Spatial control of Hog1 is crucial for fungal survival and pathogenesis.

Keywords:

CAAX Hog1 Nuclear localization signal fungal pathogen stress response

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Temporal Quantification of MAPK Induced Expression in Single Yeast Cells

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Published on: October 4, 2013

Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

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Assay for Adhesion and Agar Invasion in S. cerevisiae

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Published on: November 8, 2006

Area of Science:

Mycology
Molecular Biology
Pathogen Biology

Background:

The Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase is vital for stress adaptation, differentiation, and virulence in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.
Understanding how Hog1's localization influences its specific functions is essential for developing targeted antifungal strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of Hog1 protein compartmentalization in regulating its diverse functions within Cryptococcus neoformans.
To determine how restricting Hog1 to the nucleus or plasma membrane affects stress response, virulence, and development.

Main Methods:

Generated genetically engineered C. neoformans strains with localization-restricted Hog1 variants (membrane-tethered and constitutively nuclear).
Compared phenotypic traits, gene expression profiles, and intracellular glycerol levels of engineered strains with a functional Hog1 control.
Assessed responses to osmotic stress, ER stress, antifungal drugs, and developmental processes.

Main Results:

Membrane-tethered Hog1 restored thermotolerance and antifungal resistance but caused excessive glycerol accumulation.
Nuclear Hog1 was essential for osmotic and ER stress responses, capsule/melanin biosynthesis, and tunicamycin tolerance.
Hog1 localization influenced antifungal drug susceptibility and suppressed mating, indicating distinct roles in virulence and development.

Conclusions:

Hog1 compartmentalization is a critical determinant of its functional specificity in C. neoformans.
Spatiotemporal regulation of Hog1 activity is key for effective stress adaptation, antifungal resistance, and virulence.
Targeting Hog1 localization could offer novel therapeutic approaches against fungal meningitis.