Effect of Ceramic Substrate on the Durability of Universal Stain and Glaze Systems

While external stain and glaze systems enhance the ability of ceramic restorations to mimic natural teeth, evidence of their long-term color stability following toothbrush simulation remains limited.

To evaluate color and gloss retention of universal stain and glaze systems on various ceramic substrates under simulated toothbrushing conditions with a whitening dentifrice.

Ivocolor, MiYO Color, and MiYO Structure were evaluated on a leucite-reinforced ceramic (LC), lithium disilicate (LD), and 3% mol, 4% mol, and 5% mol yttria partially stabilized zirconias (3Y-MZ, 4Y-MZ, and 5Y-MZ). Specimens were brushed with a linear motion for 50k cycle intervals. Changes in color (CIEΔE2000) and gloss were measured using a reflection spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD. A one-sided t-test was used to determine if groups crossed the perceptibility threshold (ΔE₀₀ = 0.8). A separate two-way ANOVA assessed gloss retention of the systems.

All systems were significantly affected (p < 0.05), but none crossed the perceptibility threshold except MiYO Structure on LD (p = 0.045). Gloss retention was around 80% or above and not affected by substrate (p < 0.05), except for lesser retention of MiYO Structure on 5Y-MZ than LC (p < 0.05).

Ivocolor and MiYO Color were not affected in a clinically relevant way by the ceramic substrate and adequately maintained their color and gloss. MiYO Structure exhibited similar results, except for color retention on LD and gloss retention on 5% 5Y-MZ.

Several universal stain and glaze systems generally perform equally well on various ceramic substrates but could be significantly affected in as little as 5 years of brushing with a whitening dentifrice depending on the substrate and system used.