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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

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FABP4, marker of worse prognosis in cardiovascular disease, induces neutrophil's proatherogenic phenotype which is modulated by semaglutide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
10:03

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty

Published on: January 28, 2020

Biomarkers and Prognosis After Myocardial Infarction: Towards Precision Cardiology.

Simón Rodríguez-Moar1, Carmen Neiro-Rey2,3, David García-Molinero2

  • 1Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS). Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). SERGAS. Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.

European Heart Journal. Quality of Care & Clinical Outcomes
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Predicting long-term outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI) is challenging. Novel biomarkers and advanced technologies offer promising strategies for improved risk stratification and personalized treatment for cardiovascular disease patients.

Keywords:
Acute myocardial infarctioncardiovascular prognostic biomarkersmyocardial infarction with ST segment elevationpost-myocardial infarction complicationspost-myocardial infarction prognosis

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Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease
04:41

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: July 3, 2018

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
10:03

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty

Published on: January 28, 2020

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease
04:41

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: July 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases are the leading global cause of mortality.
  • Despite advances, predicting long-term outcomes post-myocardial infarction (MI) remains a clinical challenge.
  • Current risk stratification methods for MI patients require enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging biomarkers for prognostic assessment after MI.
  • To explore novel biomarkers beyond standard cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides.
  • To discuss the role of omics, imaging, and digital monitoring in post-MI patient characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current scientific evidence on emerging biomarkers.
  • Analysis of studies associating novel biomarkers with post-MI outcomes.
  • Examination of recent technological advancements in patient monitoring and phenotyping.

Main Results:

  • Novel biomarkers including galectin-3, lipoprotein(a), receptor for advanced glycation end-products, and non-coding RNAs show promise.
  • These biomarkers are associated with increased risk of mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events post-MI.
  • Omics technologies, advanced imaging, and digital monitoring facilitate refined patient phenotyping.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging biomarkers and advanced technologies can improve prognostic assessment after MI.
  • Understanding novel biomarker roles may reveal new therapeutic targets.
  • Personalized management strategies are enabled by refined patient characterization, leading to better clinical outcomes.