Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use01:23

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult01:21

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving emergency procedure performed when a person's heart has stopped beating or they are no longer breathing. The foundation of CPR is Basic Life Support (BLS), which focuses on the early recognition of cardiac arrest, the immediate start of high-quality chest compressions, and the timely use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).Assessing Responsiveness and Checking the Carotid PulseWhen approaching an unresponsive person, first ensure...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Endotracheal Tube Extubation01:24

Endotracheal Tube Extubation

Endotracheal tube extubation is a critical procedure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. It involves physically removing the oral or nasal endotracheal (ET) tube, marking the final step in liberating a patient from ventilatory support.
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals.
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The 2026 Core Content of Emergency Medical Services Medicine.

Prehospital emergency care·2026
Same author

The Clinical Application of Refined Risk Estimates (caRe) Study in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Pathogenic Variant Carriers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Identifying Themes for EMS Continued Competency That Are Acceptable and Improve Patient Care.

Prehospital emergency care·2026
Same author

Markers of kidney tubule dysfunction and injury and long-term risk of acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Life's Essential 8 and Risk of Severe COVID-19 Among Adults Without Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: The C4R Study.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

ECG-Based Prediction of Shock-Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation During Resuscitation Without Interrupting CPR.

Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology·2026
Same journal

Eugene Braunwald, MD, 1929-2026.

Circulation·2026
Same journal

AHA/ACC/ESC/WHF Expert Consensus Document: Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure (2026).

Circulation·2026
Same journal

Advancing Quality in the Evaluation, Surveillance, and Management of Aortic Stenosis: A Report From the AHA Target: AS Registry.

Circulation·2026
Same journal

Heart Failure Occurring in the Perinatal Period: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Circulation·2026
Same journal

Correction to: 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Circulation·2026
Same journal

Correction to: The Natural History of Massive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Pediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Multiregistry Analysis.

Circulation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine
05:36

Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine

Published on: January 30, 2020

Resuscitation From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest When Is EtCO2 Reliably Associated With ROSC?

Michelle M J Nassal1, Rachel M Smith2, Elisabete Aramendi3

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH (M.M.J.N., A.R.P., H.E.W.).

Circulation
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Determining the optimal duration for exhaled end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is crucial. Between 7 and 21 minutes of EtCO2 monitoring can reliably differentiate return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from non-ROSC.

Keywords:
cardiac arrest resuscitationend-tidal capnographyoutcomes

More Related Videos

Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
10:25

Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Published on: August 30, 2011

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique
09:47

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique

Published on: April 26, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine
05:36

Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine

Published on: January 30, 2020

Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
10:25

Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Published on: August 30, 2011

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique
09:47

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique

Published on: April 26, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Exhaled end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring is vital for predicting outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
  • The minimum duration of EtCO2 monitoring required to distinguish between return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and non-ROSC is not well-established.
  • Understanding this duration is critical for optimizing resuscitation efforts and patient prognostication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the minimum EtCO2 monitoring duration necessary to reliably differentiate ROSC from non-ROSC in OHCA patients.
  • To analyze EtCO2 trajectories and their association with resuscitation outcomes.
  • To identify the earliest time point at which EtCO2 trajectories can predict ROSC.

Main Methods:

  • A secondary analysis of the Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial (PART) was conducted.
  • Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify upward or downward EtCO2 trajectories.
  • Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to balance baseline characteristics, and logistic regression models estimated risk ratios for ROSC.

Main Results:

  • EtCO2 data from 1168 OHCA patients were analyzed, stratified by witnessed status and initial EtCO2 levels.
  • For witnessed arrests, reliable differentiation occurred between 8 and 21 minutes, depending on initial EtCO2.
  • For unwitnessed arrests, non-overlapping confidence intervals were observed at 7 minutes, indicating early prognostic value.

Conclusions:

  • Monitoring duration of 7 to 21 minutes is needed to differentiate EtCO2 trajectories in OHCA resuscitation.
  • Dynamic EtCO2 trajectory analysis offers early prognostic insights for guiding resuscitation strategies.
  • This finding has significant implications for real-time decision-making during cardiac arrest events.