Biomechanical Impact of Design Variables in Morse Taper Implant-Abutment Connections: A Scoping Review

Morse taper implant-abutment connections (IACs) are increasingly used in implant dentistry because of their mechanical stability and effective biological sealing. However, significant variation in geometric design among manufacturers may influence their biomechanical performance.

This scoping review aimed to map the current evidence on how design variables affect the mechanical behavior of Morse taper connections.

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to July 2025, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Study selection was performed independently by two reviewers, with data charted and synthesized descriptively in accordance with predefined design parameters. In vitro and finite element analysis studies assessing design-related mechanical outcomes were included. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed according to four main parameters: Taper angle, antirotational feature, cone angle mismatch, and central screw geometry. Narrow taper angles (≈5°-11.5°) improved frictional retention, while larger angles (>16°) promoted better stress distribution and reduced screw loosening. Indexed connections facilitated alignment and antirotational control but decreased flexural strength. Controlled cone angle mismatches between 0.15° and 0.25° optimized sealing and mechanical stability. Central screw geometry also influenced preload and fatigue resistance, with flatter designs achieving better fatigue behavior but generating less frictional locking force.

The biomechanical performance of Morse taper implant systems depends on the interplay of multiple design factors. Taper geometry, indexing configuration, and screw design were identified as key determinants. Further research is needed to validate these findings and support the development of standardized and optimized Morse taper connections.

Key design features of Morse taper IACs influence joint stability, stress distribution, and microgap resistance. Understanding these factors can help clinicians choose implant systems more appropriately for different clinical situations and improve long-term mechanical reliability. How to cite this article: Lourenço MF, Blom E, Kleverlaan C, et al. Biomechanical Impact of Design Variables in Morse Taper Implant-Abutment Connections: A Scoping Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2026;27(2):201-208.