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Related Concept Videos

Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use01:23

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Atrial resynchronization: an overlooked concept in heart failure and conduction system pacing: review of selected literature with emphasis on atrial anatomy.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
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Familial risk of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: a nationwide family study in Sweden.

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The prospective association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and risk of incident fractures in the general population.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2025
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The hope and the hype of artificial intelligence for syncope management.

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Prognostic Implications of Orthostatic Hypotension in Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

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Clinical characteristics of psychogenic pseudosyncope in a population-based cohort.

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Incidence and Clinical Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Anticoagulated Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. The Strat-AF Study.

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Pulsed Field or Cryoballoon Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation - insights from acute and chronic electroanatomic remapping in the randomized SINGLE-SHOT CHAMPION trial.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Published on: March 21, 2013

Sensor detection and pacing for impending reflex syncope.

Richard Sutton1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK.

Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pacing can help reflex syncope, but devices must detect heart rate changes. Specialized devices like Rate Drop Response and Closed Loop System offer improved management for vasovagal syncope and carotid sinus syndrome.

Keywords:
Cardiac pacingCarotid sinus syndromeClosed loop system/stimulationRate Drop ResponseReflex syncopeVasovagal syncope

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Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
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Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
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Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Published on: April 11, 2019

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

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Published on: March 21, 2013

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
06:04

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Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
04:51

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Published on: April 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Reflex syncope, though infrequent, can be managed with cardiac pacing.
  • Implanted devices require monitoring for syncope prediction and pacing initiation.
  • Specific challenges exist in applying cardiac pacing for reflex syncope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available cardiac pacing devices.
  • To evaluate device function in various forms of reflex syncope.

Main Methods:

  • Review of dedicated devices for vasovagal syncope (VVS) detection.
  • Comparison of Rate Drop Response (RDR) and Closed Loop System (CLS) functionalities.
  • Analysis of hemodynamic features in VVS and carotid sinus syndrome (CSS).

Main Results:

  • RDR was the first device for VVS detection using rate drop.
  • CLS offers detection of vasodepression, crucial for VVS management.
  • CSS presents different hemodynamic features, necessitating tailored device selection.
  • Both RDR and CLS have shown benefits in managing VVS and CSS.

Conclusions:

  • Effective pacing for reflex syncope requires understanding hemodynamic events.
  • Sophisticated detection of vasodepression and cardioinhibition is essential.
  • Device selection and programming must consider specific syncope types.