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Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions

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Cover Cropping-Mediated Regulation of Phyllosphere Microbial Health and Rice Yield.

Dan Wu¹, Qiwei An¹, Kaifeng Zhou¹

¹College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

|May 18, 2026

Summary

Winter cover crops like Italian ryegrass and smooth vetch boost rice plant health and significantly increase grain yield. These practices enhance beneficial microbes and reduce potential pathogens for sustainable agriculture.

Keywords:

cover crops health phyllosphere microbial communities rice

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Pathology
Soil Microbiology

Background:

Cover crops are vital for sustainable agriculture but their impact on rice (Oryza sativa) disease management and yield needs further investigation.
Understanding the effects of different winter cover crops on rice physiology and phyllosphere microbial communities is crucial for optimizing cultivation practices.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effects of winter cover crops, specifically Italian ryegrass (IR) and smooth vetch (VV), on the microbial assembly of the rice phyllosphere and subsequent crop yield.
To determine the influence of these cover crops on rice plant physiological parameters such as transpiration and net photosynthetic rates.

Main Methods:

A 2-year field study (2023-2024) comparing winter fallow, Italian ryegrass (IR), and smooth vetch (VV) as cover crops preceding summer rice cultivation.
Analysis of rice phyllosphere microbial communities, including bacterial and fungal taxa, and measurement of plant physiological parameters and grain yield.

Main Results:

Both VV and IR significantly increased transpiration and net photosynthetic rates in rice compared to winter fallow.
Cover cropping with VV and IR altered microbial communities, enriching beneficial bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas, Microbacterium) and functional fungi (e.g., Epicoccum) while reducing potential pathogens (Erwinia).
Grain yield increased by 26.77% with VV and 21.26% with IR compared to the fallow treatment.

Conclusions:

Winter cover cropping with Italian ryegrass and smooth vetch positively impacts rice physiology and phyllosphere microbial ecology.
These cover crops enhance beneficial microbial populations and increase rice grain yield, supporting sustainable and productive rice farming.