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Retinopathy of prematurity: Clinical profiles and risk factors
Sanskriti Ukey1, Ankita Baghel1, Aditi Mishra1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Nand Kumar Singh Chauhan Government Medical College, Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Abstract:
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disease affecting preterm infants due to abnormal oxygen and growth factor regulation, strongly associated with low birth weight and prematurity. This prospective cohort study conducted at Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa (September 2022 to February 2024) screened 1188 infants with birth weight <2000g and gestational age <37 weeks for ROP assessment. Of the screened infants, 120 (10.1%) were diagnosed with ROP, with Stage 1 and Zone 1 being most prevalent and multiple pregnancies, low birth weight, small for gestational age and oxygen supplementation identified as significant risk factors. Treatment with anti-VEGF injections and laser therapy achieved favorable outcomes in 96.82% of cases. The study emphasizes that early detection through systematic screening and prompt intervention are critical for preventing severe visual impairment in preterm infants.
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