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Updated: May 19, 2026
Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Published on: August 4, 2018
Direct laser writing of a titanium dioxide-laden retinal cone phantom for adaptive optics-optical coherence
Andrew C Lamont1,2,3,4, Michael A Restaino1,2,3, Abdullah T Alsharhan1,2,3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
Abstract:
The spatial resolution of adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) enables visualization of retinal components (e.g., photoreceptors), which can advance clinical diagnosis of ocular diseases. Currently, however, variability in AO-OCT system performance suggests a need for standardized physical models, or "phantoms", that replicate the opto-structural properties of retinal components. Here we employ direct laser writing - a two-photon polymerization-based additive manufacturing technology - using a light scattering titanium (IV) dioxide nanoparticle-laden photomaterial to create novel retinal cone outer segment (OS) phantoms. Fabrication results demonstrate effective mimicry of cone OS diameter and spacing at four retinal eccentricities, while AO-OCT experiments demonstrate cone spacings >4 μm can be resolved. These results suggest a promising methodology for biomimetic photoreceptor phantom development for AO-OCT.
