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Habitat Fragmentation

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Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks
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Multidimensional Diversity Identifies Mountains as Key Refugia for Caudata in China.

Lu-Lu Sui1,2,3, Bin Wang1,2, Feng Xie1,2

  • 1Mountain Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China.

Ecology and Evolution
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Conservation planning for Chinese salamanders (Caudata) needs improvement. This study identifies key areas for amphibian conservation, highlighting mountain refugia crucial for biodiversity under climate change.

Keywords:
Caudataclimatic refugiafunctional diversityphylogenetic diversitytaxonomic diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Biodiversity Science

Background:

  • Climate change significantly impacts biodiversity patterns, necessitating improved conservation strategies.
  • Existing conservation plans for amphibians, especially Caudata (salamanders), lack comprehensive geographic coverage and integration of multiple biodiversity facets.
  • Data limitations for certain species hinder complete representation in conservation assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify critical conservation priorities for Caudata in China by integrating multiple biodiversity dimensions.
  • To assess the congruence of different biodiversity measures and their overlap with existing protected areas.
  • To evaluate the impact of climate change on conservation priorities and identify climate-stable refugia.

Main Methods:

  • Species distribution models (SDMs) were employed to predict species occurrences.
  • Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions were integrated.
  • Zonation-based spatial prioritization was used to identify conservation hotspots.
  • Future climate scenarios were incorporated to assess shifts in priority areas.

Main Results:

  • Multidimensional biodiversity hotspots are concentrated in mountainous and karst regions, forming distinct biogeographic clusters.
  • Phylogenetic and functional diversity showed strong spatial congruence, indicating conserved evolutionary lineages.
  • Overlap among priority areas based on different biodiversity dimensions was limited (20.23% high priority across all).
  • Current protected areas inadequately cover high-diversity regions (7.35%–12.57%), with projected declines under future climate change.
  • 14 climate-stable refugia were identified, with only ~9% currently protected, underscoring the need for expanded conservation efforts.

Conclusions:

  • Mountain systems are vital centers for current biodiversity and act as crucial refugia under climate change.
  • Spatial patterns of priority areas remain largely stable across climate scenarios, providing a basis for robust conservation planning.
  • The proposed framework offers a practical approach to enhance protected area networks, improve connectivity, and integrate climate change considerations for amphibians and other vulnerable taxa.