Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
Published on: January 23, 2018
Thermophysical Properties and Molecular Dynamics Insights into Glycolic Acid-Sorbitol NaDES-Water Mixtures
Marcelo M do Ó1, Sádwa F Ribeiro1, Lucas L Bezerra1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Bloco 731B, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Abstract:
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) have emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional organic solvents due to their easy preparation, biodegradability, low toxicity, and high chemical stability. NaDESs are formed and their physicochemical properties can be tailored by solvent addition and water content. In this study, density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of binary mixtures composed of glycolic acid and sorbitol (3:1) NaDES and water were investigated. The results show a reduction in density and viscosity with increasing temperature and water mole fraction, while conductivity increases up to a maximum near a water mole fraction of 0.9 and decreases in the water-rich region. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations were calculated and correlated using the Redlich-Kister equation. FTIR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that hydrogen-bond interactions between NaDES components and water are progressively weakened with increasing water content, explaining the observed changes in transport properties.
Related Concept Videos
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Solubility
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
Entropy and Solvation
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...

