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Curing Methods

Curing Methods

Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...

Testing Water Quality

Testing Water Quality

When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
Waterproofing admixtures render concrete hydrophobic,...

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Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

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Published on: July 3, 2020

Formulation and Performance Evaluation of Epoxy Sealant Systems for Double-Shell Tank Bottom Refurbishment.

Kareen Blue¹, Mark Kranjc¹

¹Savannah River National Laboratory, Battelle Savannah River Alliance LLC, Aiken, South Carolina 29808, United States.

|May 18, 2026

Summary

Adding Heloxy 8 to Westlake epoxy improves sealant properties for hazardous waste containment. The modified epoxy offers better adhesion and stability, crucial for durable cementitious barrier applications.

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Published on: February 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Civil Engineering

Background:

Epoxy sealants are vital for refurbishing double-shell tank (DST) systems.
Performance hinges on balancing processability, thermomechanical stability, and substrate adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

To optimize epoxy sealant properties for DST systems using Heloxy 8 reactive diluent.
To evaluate the impact of diluent content on workability, thermomechanical stability, and adhesion.

Main Methods:

Rheological time-sweep analysis to assess viscosity and workability.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for cure and glass transition temperature (Tg).
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) for thermomechanical properties.
Pull-off adhesion testing on cementitious substrates.

Main Results:

Increased Heloxy 8 content reduced viscosity and extended workability, though the 2-hour target was not met.
All formulations achieved Tg > 47 °C, ensuring glassy regime performance.
Modified epoxies showed enhanced elasticity, mechanical stability, and significantly higher adhesion strength.
Grout cohesive failure confirmed interfacial bonding exceeded substrate strength.

Conclusions:

Controlled addition of Heloxy 8 reactive diluent optimizes epoxy sealant processing, adhesion, and thermomechanical performance.
Modified epoxy systems are suitable for durable sealant layers in hazardous waste containment infrastructure.
This research supports the development of advanced materials for critical infrastructure protection.