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Related Concept Videos

The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

Overview
Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Resting Potential Decay01:15

Resting Potential Decay

The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
At rest, the K+ is the main ion that moves across the membrane through...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes
10:10

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes

Published on: October 4, 2018

Membrane voltage multistability in coupled glial cells.

Predrag Janjic1, Dimitar Solev1, Min Zhou2

  • 1Research Centre for Computer Science and Information Technologies, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonlinear coupling in astrocytes, essential brain cells, can lead to complex electrical behaviors like bistability and front propagation, challenging linear models. This study models these effects to understand glial network dynamics and potential disease impacts.

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Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices
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Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

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Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors
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Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes
10:10

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes

Published on: October 4, 2018

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices
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Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

Published on: November 26, 2012

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors
09:57

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Published on: February 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Glial cells, particularly astrocytes, play crucial roles in brain function, including ion homeostasis and network support.
  • Astrocytic networks are interconnected via gap junctions, influencing their electrical behavior.
  • Current models often assume linear responses, but growing evidence suggests nonlinearities in glial electrical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a minimal dynamical model for coupled astrocytes that incorporates nonlinear intercellular coupling.
  • To investigate how nonlinearities in gap junction conductance affect astrocytic membrane voltage (Vm) dynamics.
  • To explore the emergence of instabilities and transitions in astrocytic networks due to coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a novel biophysical model for coupled astrocytes with nonlinear junctional kinetics.
  • Analysis of N-shaped nonlinearities and fold structures in the isolated cell's vector field.
  • Numerical simulations of a 1-D array of coupled astrocytes using dynamical systems approaches.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear coupling enriches the bifurcation picture beyond the baseline nonlinearities of isolated cells.
  • Coupling significantly increases the propensity for astrocytic Vm to exhibit bistability.
  • Simulations demonstrate an increased likelihood of front propagation in coupled astrocytic networks.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear intercellular coupling is a critical factor influencing the electrical behavior and stability of astrocytic networks.
  • The proposed minimal model provides insights into the impact of coupling nonlinearities on glial network dynamics.
  • Findings may motivate further research into the role of glial coupling nonlinearities in neurological diseases.