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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Identification of RNA Fragments Resulting from Enzymatic Degradation using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
09:20

Identification of RNA Fragments Resulting from Enzymatic Degradation using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 11, 2022

Reh1 is Required for Nonfunctional 25S RNA Decay.

Caroline Wang, Sham Sunder, Arlen W Johnson

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |May 18, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The zinc-finger protein Reh1 identifies and degrades defective 60S ribosomal subunits with mutations in the catalytic center via 25S nonfunctional RNA decay (NRD). This surveillance mechanism is specific, not recognizing all ribosomal defects.

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    Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing (RIPiT-Seq)

    Published on: July 10, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Ribosome Biogenesis
    • RNA Surveillance

    Background:

    • Nonfunctional RNA decay (NRD) removes 60S ribosomal subunits with inactivating RNA mutations.
    • The mechanism for identifying these defective subunits remained unclear.
    • The zinc-finger protein Reh1 was recently identified as the final assembly factor released from nascent 60S subunits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of Reh1 in the degradation of 25S NRD substrates.
    • To determine the specificity of Reh1-mediated surveillance for ribosomal RNA mutations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized yeast models to study the impact of Reh1 deletion on the stability of mutated 25S rRNAs.
    • Assessed the effect of specific 25S rRNA mutations (A2820G, U2954A) and L1 stalk truncation on ribosome stability and viability.
    • Examined the influence of Reh1 deletion on the levels of defective 18S rRNA.

    Main Results:

    • Reh1 is essential for the degradation of 25S NRD substrates in yeast.
    • Mutations in the catalytic center of 25S rRNA are unstable in wild-type cells but stabilized upon REH1 deletion.
    • Reh1-mediated surveillance is specific, failing to recognize ribosomes with truncated L1 stalks or defective 18S rRNA.

    Conclusions:

    • Reh1 acts as a specific surveillance factor targeting 60S ribosomal subunits with mutations near the catalytic center.
    • The 25S NRD pathway, mediated by Reh1, demonstrates specificity for certain types of ribosomal defects.
    • Yeast lacks a broad surveillance system for all types of mutant ribosomes, such as those with L1 stalk defects.