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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Setup of Consumer Wearable Devices for Exposure and Health Monitoring in Population Studies

Setup of Consumer Wearable Devices for Exposure and Health Monitoring in Population Studies

Published on: February 3, 2023

COVID-19 school closures, learning losses and intergenerational mobility.

Alexandru Cojocaru¹, Joao Pedro Azevedo², Ambar Narayan¹

¹World Bank, Washington D.C., USA.

Humanities & Social Sciences Communications

|May 18, 2026

Summary

COVID-19 school closures significantly impact education inequality and intergenerational mobility. Without interventions, children

Keywords:

Development studies Economics

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Setup of Consumer Wearable Devices for Exposure and Health Monitoring in Population Studies

Setup of Consumer Wearable Devices for Exposure and Health Monitoring in Population Studies

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Socioeconomic impacts of global health crises
Educational inequality and intergenerational mobility
Longitudinal studies of child development

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented school closures globally.
Disruptions to education disproportionately affect children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds.
Understanding learning loss is crucial for assessing long-term educational and social mobility impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the longer-term inequality implications of COVID-19.
To examine the impact of pandemic-related school closures on continued learning for children from different backgrounds.
To assess the effects on intergenerational educational mobility.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Global Database of Intergenerational Mobility.
Employed country-specific learning loss simulation models based on school closure data (Feb 2020-Feb 2022).
Analyzed World Bank high-frequency phone survey data on continued learning during closures.

Main Results:

Extensive school closures are projected to significantly reduce both absolute and relative intergenerational mobility.
In upper-middle-income countries, a potential 8-percentage-point decline in children exceeding parental education levels is estimated.
Unequal access to continued learning exacerbates the decline in relative mobility, with optimistic modality assumptions worsening the effect.

Conclusions:

The findings highlight a substantial risk to educational attainment and social mobility due to pandemic-induced school closures.
Remedial measures are essential to mitigate the negative consequences on intergenerational educational mobility.
The study underscores the critical need for equitable access to continued learning opportunities during educational disruptions.