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Scaling Up Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment: Progress and Factors Influencing Optimization - China, 2022-2025
Caihong Xu1,2, Jinhao Li2, Yaxin Wen2
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China.
China CDC Weekly
|May 18, 2026
Summary
Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) in China saw a 2.5-fold increase, with 79% using short-course regimens. Public health strategies must target high-risk groups to improve TPT acceptance and reduce disparities for TB elimination.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Disease Control
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is crucial for preventing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from progressing to active tuberculosis.
- China has incorporated TPT into its national Tuberculosis (TB) control program, but comprehensive national data on its implementation are limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze national data on TPT implementation in China.
- To identify factors influencing TPT acceptance and completion rates.
- To provide recommendations for improving TPT effectiveness.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of national TPT recipient data from 2022-2025.
- Examination of TPT acceptance and completion rates among 2,676 individuals with LTBI.
- Identification of demographic, clinical, and institutional factors associated with TPT acceptance.
Main Results:
- The number of TPT recipients in China increased 2.5-fold between 2022 and 2025, with approximately 79% utilizing short-course regimens.
- TPT acceptance and completion rates were 45.14% and 85.18%, respectively, among individuals with LTBI.
- Significant factors influencing TPT acceptance included age, ethnicity, occupation, treatment institution, immunocompromised status, and purified protein derivative results.
Conclusions:
- Public health strategies should integrate TPT into routine clinical practice.
- Promoting short-course regimens and targeting high-risk populations (e.g., immunocompromised individuals, elderly) can enhance TPT acceptance and reduce disparities.
- These targeted approaches are essential for achieving TB elimination goals in China.
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