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Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis

Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis

Published on: August 15, 2018

Forensic Age Estimation Using Tooth Eruption Status in Children: A Correlative Study With Chronological Age.

Sreenitha S Hosthor¹, Sreelatha S Hosthor², Abdul Habeeb B Mohsin³

¹Forensic Odontology, Government Dental College and Research Institute Bengaluru, Bengaluru, IND.

|May 18, 2026

Summary

Tooth eruption status is a reliable, non-invasive method for estimating chronological age in children. This study found a strong correlation between cumulative tooth eruption and age, supporting its use in forensic and clinical settings.

Keywords:

age estimation children forensic dentistry mixed dentition tooth eruption

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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Pediatric Dentistry
Anthropology

Background:

Forensic age estimation is critical in legal and clinical contexts, especially for children.
Reliable, non-invasive methods are needed for accurate age determination.
Tooth eruption patterns offer a consistent developmental marker during the mixed-dentition period.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the relationship between cumulative tooth eruption status and chronological age in children.
To develop a predictive model for forensic age estimation based on tooth eruption.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study of 120 children aged 6-13 years.
Chronological age calculated from birth records; tooth eruption scored (0-2) for 28 permanent teeth.
Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression (P < 0.05).

Main Results:

A strong positive correlation (r=0.72, P<0.001) was found between cumulative eruption score and chronological age.
Eruption score significantly predicted age (R²=0.62, P<0.001), with significant differences across age groups.
No significant sex differences in age or eruption score were observed.

Conclusions:

Cumulative tooth eruption status is a reliable and non-invasive indicator for age estimation in children.
The method demonstrates good discriminatory ability and practical applicability in clinical and forensic settings.
Tooth eruption provides a valuable tool for forensic age assessment in pediatric populations.