Forensic Age Estimation Using Tooth Eruption Status in Children: A Correlative Study With Chronological Age

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Pediatric Dentistry
• Anthropology

Background:

• Forensic age estimation is critical in legal and clinical contexts, especially for children.
• Reliable, non-invasive methods are needed for accurate age determination.
• Tooth eruption patterns offer a consistent developmental marker during the mixed-dentition period.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the relationship between cumulative tooth eruption status and chronological age in children.
• To develop a predictive model for forensic age estimation based on tooth eruption.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study of 120 children aged 6-13 years.
• Chronological age calculated from birth records; tooth eruption scored (0-2) for 28 permanent teeth.
• Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression (P < 0.05).

Main Results:

• A strong positive correlation (r=0.72, P<0.001) was found between cumulative eruption score and chronological age.
• Eruption score significantly predicted age (R²=0.62, P<0.001), with significant differences across age groups.
• No significant sex differences in age or eruption score were observed.

Conclusions:

• Cumulative tooth eruption status is a reliable and non-invasive indicator for age estimation in children.
• The method demonstrates good discriminatory ability and practical applicability in clinical and forensic settings.
• Tooth eruption provides a valuable tool for forensic age assessment in pediatric populations.