Pathology of Rare Umbilical Lesions: A Case Series and Literature Review

The remnants of the omphalomesenteric duct (OMD) can lead to various congenital anomalies, including Meckel's diverticulum, cysts, and fistulas, which may require surgical intervention. The OMD remnants usually occur in pediatric age groups. Clinical presentation of the patients varies widely. Some patients may remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. Some others may have complications necessitating surgical treatment. Symptoms include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, or signs of infection. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound or CT scans are required to evaluate the presence of cysts, fibrous band tissue and its extension, or other anomalies. These umbilical lesions need to be surgically removed after a thorough examination. The clinical and pathological characteristics of four cases of umbilical lesions, including ectopic gastrointestinal tissue, are shown.