A Low-Cost, Self-Made Simulation Model for Shoulder Arthroscopy Surgical Skills Acquisition

The benefits of simulation training for technical skills development in orthopaedic arthroscopic surgery have been well documented. Access and high costs are barriers to regular use, which may be overcome with a low-cost, self-made model. Examples from established knee arthroscopy models can be adapted to a shoulder arthroscopy model for training specific skills. Utilising an inspection endoscope camera, smartphone, shoebox, and easily accessible materials, a self-made shoulder arthroscopy simulator can be constructed for £30. Instructions for design and construction are included, with interchangeable viewing and instrumentation portals. A simulation working environment is created with exercises that can be used to develop specific skills required for arthroscopy. The use of a simulated humeral head and checkpoints within the working space develops efficiency in navigation through the shoulder joint. Exercises in manoeuvring elastic bands around screw hooks challenge bimanual dexterity and triangulation from different angles. Fine control and visuospatial processing are further developed with object tracing exercises. Residents can create their own low-cost simulation boxes at home, and the exercises described aim to improve the acquisition of specific surgical skills in shoulder arthroscopy. The practical applications and value of the shoulder shoebox endoscope simulator for orthopaedic residents in training would benefit from validation.