Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Interplay between microRNAs and TGF-β signaling in T cells: implications for Th9 differentiation and immune

Tae Sung Kim1,2, Yun-Ji Lim3,4, WanJun Chen5

  • 1Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Immunology
|May 18, 2026
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of CD4+ T cell differentiation, influencing pathways like transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). This review focuses on miRNA roles in Th9 cell development and function.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators of immune cell function.
  • miRNAs significantly modulate CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation.
  • Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is influenced by miRNAs, affecting T helper cell differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review miRNA regulatory networks targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway in CD4+ T cells.
  • To specifically highlight the roles of miRNAs in Th9 cell differentiation and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNAs, TGF-β signaling, and CD4+ T cells.
  • Analysis of regulatory networks involving miRNAs and TGF-β pathway components.
  • Focus on experimental and observational data related to Th9 cell biology.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are integral to modulating TGF-β signaling in CD4+ T cells.
  • Specific miRNAs influence the balance between different T helper cell subsets.
  • Understanding miRNA targets is crucial for elucidating Th9 cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play a critical role in the complex regulation of CD4+ T cell differentiation via the TGF-β pathway.
  • Further research into miRNA-target interactions is needed to fully understand Th9 cell biology.
  • miRNAs represent potential therapeutic targets for immune-related disorders affecting T cell populations.
Keywords:
CD4+ T cellTGF-b signallingTh9autoimmune disease (AD)cancermicroRNA

Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...