Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring <i>Scolymus hispanicus</i> L. leaves as a source of natural therapeutics: nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological evaluations.

3 Biotech·2026
Same author

Nanocomposites of Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage-mediated selenium nanoparticles and nanochitosan as antidiabetic candidates in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Microbial fuel cells for sustainable energy and wastewater treatment: Integrating seaweed biomass, machine learning, and hybrid systems for enhanced performance.

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

Flaxseed oil and probiotics protect against induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in male rats.

Open life sciences·2026
Same author

STING inhibition and BD1-selective BET blockade limit ischemia-reperfusion-induced hepatic tissue remodeling by suppressing pro-inflammasome signaling.

Tissue & cell·2026
Same author

β-Sitosterol Enhances the Anticancer Efficacy of Oxaliplatin in COLO-205 Cells via Apoptosis and Suppression of VEGF-A, NF-κB-p65, and β-Catenin.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same journal

Structures of the endophytic microbiota during heart rot development in <i>Abies georgei</i> var. <i>smithii</i>.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same journal

High <i>Yersinia</i> prevalence in tonsils of wild boars hunted in Northeast Germany using a novel protocol including long cold enrichment.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same journal

Genetic variation, recombinant characteristics, and seroprevalence analysis of echovirus 3 causing severe and mild cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guizhou Province.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same journal

Mycelial morphology influenced aerobic DNRA in <i>Streptomyces mediolani</i> EM-B2: short rod-shaped mycelium showed markedly greater efficiency than long filamentous mycelium.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same journal

Performance and practicality of 16S nanopore sequencing for routine bacterial identification in clinical samples.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same journal

Molecular characterization and correlation with β-lactam resistance of penicillin-binding protein2x, 2b, and 1a of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in clinical pneumococcal isolates.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice
15:43

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2014

Multi-site microbiomes' response to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Mingxuan Liu1, Wei Zhang2,3,4, Jing Zhang3

  • 1School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.

Microbiology Spectrum
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients show reduced lung and gut microbial diversity. Oral bacteria are the main source of lung microbes, but sputum analysis is more accurate for COPD diagnosis, identifying *Haemophilus parahaemolyticus* as a biomarker.

Keywords:
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasefull-length 16S rRNA gene sequencingmicrobial dysbiosisoral-lung-gut axis

More Related Videos

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes
03:53

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes

Published on: April 19, 2024

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways
06:43

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways

Published on: January 13, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice
15:43

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2014

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes
03:53

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes

Published on: April 19, 2024

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways
06:43

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways

Published on: January 13, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Infectious disease

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with dysbiosis in various body sites.
  • Understanding the interplay between oral, nasal, pulmonary, and gut microbiota in COPD is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in oral, nasal, pulmonary, and gut microbiota in COPD patients compared to healthy individuals.
  • To explore the interrelationships between these microbial communities and their association with disease status.
  • To identify potential microbial biomarkers for COPD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the PacBio platform was used to analyze 162 samples (oral, nasal, sputum, fecal) from 33 COPD patients and 29 healthy controls.
  • Alpha and beta diversity analyses were performed to assess microbial community structure.
  • Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and source tracking were employed to identify biomarkers and microbial origins.
  • Co-occurrence network analysis was used to evaluate microbial community resilience.

Main Results:

  • Sputum and fecal microbial alpha diversity were significantly reduced in COPD patients.
  • Oral microbiota was identified as the primary source of lung microbiota, with significant overlap between oral and sputum communities.
  • *Haemophilus parahaemolyticus* was identified as a specific sputum biomarker for COPD.
  • COPD lung microbial networks showed reduced robustness and lacked prominent hub nodes, indicating decreased resilience.
  • Interleukin-6 levels were inversely correlated with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria in fecal samples.

Conclusions:

  • Lung and gut microbial diversity are significantly reduced in COPD patients.
  • While oral microbiota contributes to lung microbiota, sputum analysis is more sensitive and accurate for COPD diagnosis.
  • The identification of *Haemophilus parahaemolyticus* offers a potential novel biomarker for COPD.
  • Fragmented microbial networks in COPD lungs suggest impaired community resilience.