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Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

Practical Recommendations for Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Nicolas Johner1,2, Baris Gencer1,3,4

  • 1Cardiology Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is crucial for preventing stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF). While OAC offers significant benefits, ongoing research addresses knowledge gaps in risk stratification and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
anticoagulationatrial fibrillationbleedingdirect oral anticoagulantstrokethromboembolismvitamin K antagonist

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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) carries a high lifetime stroke risk (1 in 3) for non-anticoagulated patients.
  • Oral anticoagulation (OAC) effectively reduces stroke, systemic embolism, and mortality in AF patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence and practical recommendations for OAC in AF.
  • To highlight recent advancements and identify knowledge gaps in OAC therapy for AF.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature and clinical guidelines.
  • Synthesis of evidence on OAC efficacy, safety, and specific patient populations.

Main Results:

  • OAC provides net clinical benefit when annual stroke risk exceeds 1-2% (CHA2DS2-VA score ≥ 1).
  • Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) show improved safety (reduced intracranial hemorrhage) and efficacy compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).
  • VKAs remain preferred for specific conditions like mechanical heart valves and antiphospholipid syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • OAC is fundamental for preventing thromboembolism in AF.
  • Further research is needed on risk stratification, device-detected AF, and OAC discontinuation post-ablation or left atrial appendage occlusion.