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Updated: May 19, 2026

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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Pain in Functional Motor Disorders: Clinical Correlates From the Italian Registry.

Veronica Nisticò1,2, Benedetta Demartini1,3, Christian Geroin4,5

  • 1Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

European Journal of Neurology
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pain significantly impacts patients with Functional Motor Disorders (FMD), affecting 78.8% of individuals. Factors like fibromyalgia and anxiety influence pain intensity, highlighting the need for better management strategies in FMD.

Keywords:
Italian registryfunctional movement disordersfunctional neurological disorderspainquality of life

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Functional Motor Disorders (FMD) frequently present with disabling pain.
  • Clinical correlates and impact of pain in FMD cohorts remain undercharacterized.
  • This study aimed to identify predictors and correlates of pain in FMD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify clinical predictors of pain intensity and interference in Functional Motor Disorders.
  • Correlate pain with sociodemographic, clinical, and psychometric factors.
  • Understand the impact of pain on quality of life in FMD.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 466 adults with FMD from the Italian Registry of Functional Motor Disorders.
  • Pain assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) over 24 hours.
  • Collected data on depression, anxiety, alexithymia, fatigue, and quality of life.

Main Results:

  • 78.8% of FMD patients reported pain.
  • Fibromyalgia predicted pain; epilepsy was associated with reduced risk.
  • Pain correlated with younger age, RLS, IBS, trauma, anxiety, and poorer health. 41.6% received painkillers, but many still experienced pain.

Conclusions:

  • Pain is highly prevalent in FMD, occurring even with or without analgesics.
  • Multiple factors influence pain intensity and interference in daily life.
  • Longitudinal studies are necessary to establish causality and guide pain management.