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Effects of Fat-Soluble Vitamins on Gut Microbiome Composition: A Scoping Review
Joyce Jia Xin Lim1, Nevvin Raaj Morgan2, Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran2
1School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
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As the gut microbiome emerges as a key player in human health, numerous studies have reported its close association with various diseases. Consequently, increasing attention has been given to exploring whether fat-soluble vitamins can modulate gut microbiome composition as a potential strategy to maintain microbial balance. This scoping review aimed to investigate whether interventions with fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) could alter gut microbiome composition and, in turn, improve health outcomes. A total of 17 human studies and 47 animal studies were identified across 4 databases. Most studies reported that fat-soluble vitamins effectively altered gut microbiome composition; however, evidence linking these changes to consistent improvements in health outcomes remains limited. Overall, this review maps the potential link between vitamin-driven microbiome modulation and health benefits, while highlighting current research gaps to guide future investigations.
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