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Related Concept Videos

Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...
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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

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Published on: August 18, 2017

Chirality-induced spin selectivity in chiral solids.

Hiroshi M Yamamoto1,2,3

  • 1Institute for Molecular Science, Japan. yhiroshi@ims.ac.jp.

Nanoscale
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) in chiral solids generates spin-polarized currents without magnetic fields. This review classifies CISS phenomena and proposes a framework for understanding spin-chirality coupling in materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) is a phenomenon where electron transport in chiral systems creates spin-polarized currents.
  • CISS has been extensively studied in molecular systems, but its microscopic origins are debated due to experimental challenges.
  • Understanding CISS in bulk materials is crucial for advancing spintronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and classify CISS phenomena in chiral solids.
  • To propose an operational definition for CISS based on transport measurements.
  • To bridge the understanding of CISS between molecular systems and condensed matter.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of CISS into two categories based on time-reversal symmetry: CISS(I) and CISS(II).
  • Proposal of an operational definition for CISS using transport measurements.
  • Review of recent experimental findings in chiral metals and superconductors.

Main Results:

  • CISS(I) is a time-reversal even response with collinear spin polarization.
  • CISS(II) is a time-reversal broken response involving antiparallel spin pairs under non-equilibrium conditions.
  • Experiments show enhanced spin polarization, nonlocal spin transport, and symmetry conversion in chiral solids.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral solids offer a versatile platform for studying CISS, connecting molecular and condensed matter physics.
  • The proposed framework facilitates direct comparison between theoretical models and experimental results.
  • Further research in chiral solids can explore non-equilibrium spin-chirality coupling.