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A Microfluidic-based Hydrodynamic Trap for Single Particles
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Controlling particle dynamics in dead-end channels via boundary effects.

Langqi Xing1, Xiaoyu Tang1,2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, MA 02115, USA. x.tang@northeastern.edu.

Nanoscale
|May 18, 2026
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Summary

We explored how diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis control particle movement in microfluidic pores. This research offers insights for energy-efficient microfluidic systems in medicine and environmental applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Controlled particle transport is vital for drug delivery and environmental remediation.
  • Diffusiophoresis (DP) is established for particle manipulation, but diffusioosmosis (DO) is less explored.
  • Microfluidic systems offer precise control over particle movement in confined spaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the interplay between diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis for active particle control.
  • To analyze particle transport in microfluidic dead-end pores using solute gradients and wall zeta potentials.
  • To develop a theoretical framework for understanding and optimizing particle manipulation without external power.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of coupled diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis.
  • Experimental validation of particle transport in microfluidic dead-end pores.
  • Analysis of diffusioosmotic mobility dependence on zeta potential and solute properties.

Main Results:

  • Precise manipulation of colloidal particles achieved by exploiting solute concentration gradients and wall zeta potentials.
  • Identified parameter ranges for controlling the sign of diffusioosmotic mobility.
  • Introduced a critical reversal position (y*) and developed scaling laws and regime maps for particle behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides fundamental insights into electrokinetic phenomena in confined geometries.
  • Offers a theoretical framework for optimizing microfluidic designs for efficient particle transport.
  • Paves the way for passive, energy-efficient microfluidic systems for biomedical and environmental applications.