Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
Published on: February 18, 2022
HFpEF, Aging, Inflammaging, and the Future of Anti-Inflammatory: Therapy in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection
Arkadiusz Grzeczka1, Szymon Graczyk1, Jan Gröschel2,3,4,5
1Department for Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
Abstract:
Aging is the dominant risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a condition increasingly recognized as a manifestation of maladaptive cardiovascular aging. This review summarizes current evidence linking inflammaging, a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state driven by immunosenescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence, to progressive myocardial fibrosis, diastolic stiffness, and HFpEF development. We discuss mechanistic pathways connecting fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, adipose tissue-driven inflammation, and phenotype-specific inflammatory signatures, as well as the role of multimodality imaging in detecting early fibrotic and inflammatory changes. Finally, we critically evaluate emerging immunometabolic therapies, highlighting the limitations of single-cytokine blockade and the disease-modifying potential of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in targeting HFpEF.
Related Concept Videos
Heart Failure V: Medical Management
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
Heart Failure I: Introduction
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
