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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

Published on: July 10, 2017

Does emotion differentiation predict stress generation among adolescents?

Angela C Santee¹, Tanya Pai², Amy E Carolus²

¹Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center.

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science

|May 18, 2026

Summary

Lower emotion differentiation (ED) in adolescents predicts increased self-generated stress, but this effect is not specific to dependent stressors. This finding highlights the complex relationship between emotional awareness and stress generation in youth.

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Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Area of Science:

Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Emotion differentiation (ED), the ability to identify and label emotions specifically, is linked to well-being.
The relationship between low ED and stress generation, where individuals create or enter stressful situations, remains unclear.
It is unknown if ED predicts the generation of dependent (self-generated) versus independent (fateful) stressors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if ED prospectively predicts stress generation in adolescents.
To examine if ED moderates the association between depression symptoms and stress generation.
To determine if ED specifically predicts dependent stressors over independent stressors.

Main Methods:

232 adolescents completed baseline diagnostic interviews and daily emotion ratings for 7 days.
Episodic stressors were assessed via contextual threat interviews 1.5 years later.
Analyses examined the prospective predictive relationship between baseline ED and subsequent dependent/independent stressors, and moderation by depression.

Main Results:

Lower negative ED (NED) and positive ED (PED) predicted higher levels of dependent stress over follow-up.
These effects persisted after controlling for baseline depression or average emotion intensity.
The predictive effects of NED and PED on dependent stress were not significantly stronger than their effects on independent stress.

Conclusions:

Lower ED in adolescents is associated with increased dependent stress generation.
The link between ED and episodic stress is not exclusive to self-generated stressors.
ED may play a role in stress generation, but its specificity to dependent stressors requires further investigation.