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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Sleep Optimization to Improve Glycemic Targets in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Parallel

Pamela Martyn-Nemeth1, Jennifer Duffecy2, Alana D Steffen3

  • 1Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Diabetes Care
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A sleep intervention did not improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, it reduced diabetes distress and improved sleep quality, with benefits seen in those with higher A1C levels.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management requires careful attention to glycemic control.
  • Poor sleep quality and duration are prevalent in adults with T1D and may impact metabolic health.
  • Existing interventions often focus on diet and exercise, with less emphasis on sleep optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a remote sleep intervention (Sleep-Opt) versus an attention control (Healthy Living) on glycemic targets and psychological outcomes in adults with T1D.
  • To assess the impact of the intervention on objective and subjective sleep parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial involving adults with T1D and short or irregular sleep.
  • Participants were assigned to either Sleep-Opt or Healthy Living intervention, delivered remotely over 12 weeks.
  • Primary outcomes included A1C, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and objective sleep; secondary outcomes included psychological measures and subjective sleep quality.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in A1C or CGM parameters were observed between groups at 12 weeks.
  • Sleep duration increased in both groups, but without significant inter-group differences.
  • Sleep-Opt participants reported reduced diabetes distress and improved subjective sleep quality at 6 weeks.
  • A significant interaction indicated that the intervention's effect on A1C depended on baseline levels, with benefits observed in those with A1C ≥7% at 12 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • The Sleep-Opt intervention did not significantly improve overall glycemic targets or objective sleep parameters in adults with T1D.
  • Both interventions led to improvements in sleep, suggesting a potential benefit from structured health programs.
  • A sleep intervention may offer glycemic benefits for individuals with T1D and suboptimal baseline A1C levels, warranting further investigation.