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Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Automated Lipid Bilayer Membrane Formation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane Thin Film

Automated Lipid Bilayer Membrane Formation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane Thin Film

Published on: July 10, 2016

Hydrogen-Bond Anchored Channel-Microenvironment Engineering in Polymer Membranes for Efficient Lithium Extraction.

Qian Chen¹, Yukun Ma², Zheng Chen¹

¹Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|May 18, 2026

Summary

This study developed advanced synthetic membranes for efficient ion separation. The novel polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) membranes show high lithium selectivity and flux, improving direct lithium extraction from brines.

Keywords:

amorphous polymer ion‐selective membrane lithium extraction nanoconfined channel engineering

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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

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Self-Assembly of Hybrid Lipid Membranes Doped with Hydrophobic Organic Molecules at the Water/Air Interface

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Published on: May 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Separation Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Mimicking biological ion channels for synthetic membranes is challenging.
Controlling the chemical microenvironment in sub-nanometer pores of polymers is difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer the microenvironments of confined channels in polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs).
To enhance ion selectivity and flux for applications like lithium extraction.

Main Methods:

Utilized hydrogen bonding to anchor oligoether chains onto PIM pore walls.
Engineered pore microenvironments to control ion-channel interactions and transport pathways.

Main Results:

Achieved high monovalent over divalent ion selectivity (Li+/Mg2+ >270) with significant Li+ flux (>0.6 mol m-2 h-1).
Demonstrated effective lithium extraction from brine with high recovery rates (268 g m-2 day-1) and low energy consumption (7.26 Wh gLi-1).

Conclusions:

The engineered PIM membranes offer a promising solution for selective ion separation and direct lithium extraction.
This approach significantly improves upon existing polymeric membrane performance for lithium recovery.