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Updated: May 20, 2026

Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model
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Development of a Large Animal Rectovaginal Fistula Model.

Danielle N Westenberg1, Tiffany L Sarrafian2, Ryan Mahlberg2

  • 1Division of Urogynecology, Mayo Clinic.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This study developed reliable pig models for rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs), a crucial step for testing new treatments. Electrocautery methods proved most effective for creating patent fistulas in pigs.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary surgery
  • Animal models for disease
  • Gastrointestinal surgery

Background:

  • Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) present significant treatment challenges, often necessitating repeated surgical interventions.
  • Current research into novel RVF therapies is hampered by the absence of a suitable, large-scale animal model.
  • Pigs possess anatomical similarities to humans in vaginal and rectal tissues, making them a promising translational model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a practical and reproducible animal model for rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) in pigs.
  • To evaluate different surgical techniques for RVF creation in a porcine model.
  • To assess the feasibility and reliability of magnet, stent, and electrocautery methods for inducing RVFs.

Main Methods:

  • Six female pigs underwent RVF creation using three distinct techniques: magnet placement, electrocautery with stenting, and electrocautery alone.

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  • Fistulas were assessed at six weeks, with animals euthanized between 12 and 14 weeks post-procedure.
  • Primary outcome was fistula patency, with secondary outcomes including fistula dimensions and histological analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • All surgical procedures were well-tolerated, with no reported infections or complications.
    • Electrocautery alone and electrocautery with gauge stenting reliably produced patent rectovaginal fistulas at 14 weeks.
    • The magnet group showed limited success, with only one patent fistula observed. Histological examination revealed complete epithelialization in all patent fistulas.

    Conclusions:

    • Three safe and feasible methods for creating rectovaginal fistulas in pigs were successfully demonstrated.
    • Two of the evaluated methods, electrocautery alone and electrocautery with stenting, exhibited greater reliability for RVF induction.
    • This porcine model provides a valuable platform for future research into RVF treatments.