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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Sediments from an Urban Riparian Floodplain: Distribution, Partitioning, and
Esther S Cookson1, Ziwei Han1, Adeyemi S Adeleye1
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) accumulate in urban floodplain sediments. PFOS concentrations in pore water exceed surface water, indicating complex partitioning behaviors and long-term contaminant persistence.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Geochemistry
- Hydrology
Background:
- Floodplain and wetland sediments act as key interfaces between surface water and groundwater.
- Urban waterways contain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which can infiltrate and accumulate in these sediments.
- Understanding PFAS behavior in these environments is crucial for assessing water quality and ecological risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the spatial and vertical distribution of 40 PFAS in Southern California urban watershed sediments.
- To estimate in situ PFOS pore-water concentrations and quantify adsorption-desorption hysteresis.
- To elucidate the mechanisms governing PFOS solid-phase partitioning in sediments.
Main Methods:
- Field sampling of floodplain sediments to measure PFAS distributions.
- Batch adsorption-desorption experiments using mass-labeled PFOS.
- Estimation of in situ PFOS pore-water concentrations in vadose zone sediments.
- Analysis of hysteresis in PFOS partitioning.
Main Results:
- Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most frequently detected PFAS at the highest concentrations.
- Estimated in situ PFOS pore-water concentrations in vadose zone sediments (78 ng/L) were over twice those in surface water (<30 ng/L).
- Hysteresis in PFOS partitioning was governed by rapid surface exchange and slow diffusion in organic-rich sediments.
Conclusions:
- PFAS, particularly PFOS, accumulate in urban floodplain sediments, posing potential risks to water resources.
- In situ pore-water concentrations suggest long-term accumulation and complex partitioning dynamics.
- Sediment properties and historical contaminant levels significantly influence PFOS behavior and persistence.
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