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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies
07:55

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Published on: August 29, 2017

Update and reuse: Structure-guided nanobody evolution against SARS-CoV-2 escape.

Fan Bu1,2, Divyasha Saxena3, Hailey Turner-Hubbard1,2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.

Plos Pathogens
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Scientists engineered a bispecific nanobody to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants like JN.1 and KP.3. This "update and reuse" strategy overcomes antibody escape, offering a path for ongoing therapeutic effectiveness against evolving viruses.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations, such as Q493E in the RBD, enable viral escape from existing antibody therapeutics.
  • The Nanosota-9A nanobody effectively neutralizes Omicron JN.1 but not KP.3 due to the E493 mutation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer an updated nanobody capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 variants with spike mutations like Q493E.
  • To develop a bispecific nanobody to broaden neutralization coverage against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main Methods:

  • Structure-guided in vitro evolution was used to engineer Nanosota-9A into Nanosota-9B, targeting the KP.3 RBD.
  • A bispecific nanobody was constructed by combining Nanosota-9A and Nanosota-9B.
  • Infection assays were performed to evaluate the neutralization activity of the engineered nanobodies against JN.1 and KP.3.

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Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

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A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
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A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

Published on: July 25, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies
07:55

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Published on: August 29, 2017

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
08:07

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

Published on: July 25, 2022

Main Results:

  • Nanosota-9B demonstrated high-affinity binding to the KP.3 RBD but reduced binding to the JN.1 RBD.
  • The engineered bispecific nanobody effectively neutralized both JN.1 and KP.3 variants in infection assays.
  • The study validated an "update and reuse" strategy for nanobody therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • Structure-guided engineering can overcome SARS-CoV-2 variant escape from antibody therapeutics.
  • A bispecific nanobody approach provides broad neutralization against evolving viral strains.
  • The "update and reuse" strategy facilitates rapid responses to emerging variants and efficient resource utilization.