[The effect of geroprotectors on life expectancy: Mechanisms of action and clinical potential.]

The global increase in life expectancy and the growing proportion of elderly individuals have intensified the challenge of aging and age-related diseases. As the body ages, it accumulates various molecular and cellular damage, often resulting in multiple chronic conditions that complicate treatment and reduce quality of life. One promising approach to addressing these issues is the development of geroprotectors - compounds capable of targeting the fundamental biological mechanisms of aging and extending healthspan. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major classes of geroprotectors, including senolytics, senostatics, calorie restriction mimetics, antioxidants, and hormetic agents. Each class is characterized by distinct mechanisms of action, yet all are united by their potential to slow down aging processes and reduce the risk of age-associated pathologies. The article summarizes key findings from numerous preclinical studies in animal models, which demonstrate that geroprotective agents can not only increase lifespan but also improve the function of various physiological systems. Special attention is given to the most well-studied and promising compounds, such as the combination of dasatinib and quercetin, rapamycin, metformin, coenzyme Q10, sulforaphane, and curcumin. These substances have shown beneficial effects on cellular senescence, metabolic regulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In addition, the review highlights current clinical data on geroprotectors. Although still limited in scope, these studies reveal encouraging results and support the strong therapeutic potential of such compounds in humans. Their growing relevance underscores the importance of continued research aimed at evaluating safety, efficacy, and translational applicability.