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Quantitative Ergonomic Assessment of Long Handle Farming Tools Among Women Farmers Using Camera-Based Analysis
Felix M Oguche1, Karen Funkenbusch2, Marcia Shannon3
1Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health
|May 18, 2026
Summary
Ergonomic agricultural tool design, like moderate handle angles and lighter weights, significantly reduces physical strain and musculoskeletal risk for women farmers. D-grip handles improve comfort and wrist alignment, enhancing overall productivity and safety.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural ergonomics
- Human factors engineering
- Occupational health and safety
Background:
- Agricultural hand tools significantly impact physical strain and efficiency for women farmers.
- Optimizing tool design is crucial for mitigating musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in this demographic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the ergonomic performance of shovels and pitchforks for women farmers.
- To identify tool design characteristics that reduce physical strain and improve task efficiency.
Main Methods:
- Seven female participants performed simulated farm tasks using selected shovels and pitchforks.
- Tool parameters (weight, handle dimensions) were measured; user posture and biomechanical strain were assessed using 3D pose estimation and ergonomic software (RULA, REBA).
- Mechanical advantage was calculated, and statistical analyses (Two-way ANOVA) were performed.
Main Results:
- Moderate handle lift angles (27°-56°) and heights (545-1111 mm) reduced hip/shoulder flexion.
- Lighter tools (<2.0 kg) lowered MSD risk, while heavier tools increased upper body strain despite offering greater mechanical advantage.
- D-grip handles were preferred by 64% of participants for improved wrist alignment and comfort.
Conclusions:
- Tool designs with moderate handle angles, appropriate lift heights, and lighter weights effectively reduce awkward postures and MSD risk.
- Adjustable features and preferred grip designs (D-grip) can accommodate diverse users, mitigating physical strain.
- Tailored tool design is essential for improving women farmers' health, safety, and productivity.
